Chemistry+Vocabulary

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Headlines:
 * Manganese:** With an atomic number of 25, an atomic mass of 54.938, and the chemical symbol **Mn,** manganese is a transition metal.
 * Manganese Used in Stainless Steel Due to its Sulfur-fixing, Deoxidizing, and Alloying Properties.** Choji

Headlines:
 * Iodine:** With an atomic number of 53, an atomic mass of 126.904, and the chemical symbol **I**, iodine is a Halogen.
 * Elemental Iodine Used as a Disenfectant and Water Purifier.** Choji


 * Atom:** The basic unit of [|matter] that consists of a dense, central [|nucleus] surrounded by a [|cloud] of [|negatively charged] [|electrons].


 * Physical properties:** Are things that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter. Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.


 * Oxidation/Reduction:** Oxidation is the //loss// of electrons, or the //increase// in oxidation number; reduction is the //gain// of electrons, or the //decrease// in oxidation number. Remember, **OIL RIG**: **O**xidation **I**s **L**oss, **R**eduction **I**s **G**ain.


 * Fermentation:**


 * Photosynthesis:**
 * cellular respiration**


 * Kreb’s cycle**


 * Calvin cycle**
 * ATP**
 * eukaryote**
 * prokaryote**
 * enzyme**
 * activation energy**
 * yeast**


 * Carbon dioxide**


 * anaerobic respiration**


 * aerobic respiration**


 * alcoholic fermentation**

Solution: is a [|homogeneous] [|mixture] composed f two or more substances Chemical: a **chemical substance** is a [|material] with a specific [|chemical composition] Energy: is a quantity that is often understood as the ability to perform [|work] Matter: is a general term for the substance of which all physical objects are made. Typically, matter includes [|atoms] and other [|particles] which have [|mass] Oxidization: all [|chemical reactions] in which atoms have their [|oxidation number] changed. ** Oxidation ** is the loss of [|electrons] or an increase in oxidation state by a [|molecule], [|atom] , or [|ion]. Dilution: is a reduction in the concentration of a chemical (gas, vapor, solution). It is the process of reducing the concentration of a [|solute] in [|solution] , Flammable: how easily something will burn or ignite, causing [|fire] or [|combustion]. Reaction: is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of [|chemical substances] to another Catalyst: is the change in [|rate] of a [|chemical reaction] due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst Luminol: (C8H7N3O2) is a versatile [|chemical] that exhibits [|chemilluminescence], with a striking blue glow, when mixed with an appropriate [|oxidizing agent] Forensic: is the application of a broad spectrum of [|sciences] to answer questions of interest to a legal system. Variable: is a [|value] that may change within the scope of a given problem or set of operations. In contrast, a **constant** is a value that remains unchanged Electron: is a [|subatomic particle] carrying a negative [|electric charge] Proton: is a [|subatomic particle] with carrying a positive charge Acid: a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, turns blue litmus paper red, and has a [|pH] less than 7.0 in its [|standard state] Base: a substance that can accept hydrogen ions (protons) Alkaline: is a measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acids to the [|equivalence point] of carbonate or bicarbonate Photon: is an [|elementary particle], the [|quantum] of the [|electromagnetic interaction] and the basic unit of [|light] and all other forms of [|electromagnetic radiation] Luminescence: is [|light] that usually occurs at low temperatures, and is thus a form of [|cold body radiation]. It can be caused by [|chemical reactions], [|electrical energy] , [|subatomic motions] , or [|stress] on a [|crystal]. This distinguishes luminescence from [|incandescence], which is light generated by high temperatures Buffers: is an [|aqueous solution] consisting of a mixture of a [|weak acid] and its [|conjugate base] or a [|weak base] and its [|conjugate acid]. It has the property that the [|pH] of the solution changes very little when a small amount of [|strong acid] or [|base] is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. Many life forms thrive only in a relatively small pH range; an example of a buffer solution is blood. Mass: A body's mass also determines the degree to which it generates or is affected by a [|gravitational field]

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